COVID-19 VACCINE AND MYOCARDITIS
probable
link between COVID-19 vaccine
and myocarditis cases
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium). Myocarditis can affect heart muscle heart's electrical system, reducing heart’s ability to pump and causing rapid or abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias).
A viral infection usually causes myocarditis, but it can result from a reaction to a drug or be part of a more general inflammatory condition.
Severe myocarditis weakens heart so that the rest of body doesn't get enough blood. Clots can form in heart, leading to a stroke or heart attack.
Causes
·
Viruses. Many
viruses are commonly associated with myocarditis, including the viruses that
cause the common cold (adenovirus); COVID-19; hepatitis B and C;
parvovirus, which causes a mild rash, usually in children (fifth disease); and
herpes simplex virus.
·
Bacteria. Numerous
bacteria can cause myocarditis, including staphylococcus, streptococcus, the
bacterium that causes diphtheria and the tick-borne bacterium responsible for
Lyme disease.
·
Parasites. Among
these are such parasites as Trypanosoma cruzi and toxoplasma, including some
that are transmitted by insects and can cause a condition called Chagas
disease. This disease is much more prevalent in Central and South America than
in the US, but it can occur
in travelers and in immigrants from that part of the world.
·
Fungi. Yeast
infections, such as candida; molds, such as aspergillus; and other fungi, such
as histoplasma, often found in bird droppings, can sometimes cause myocarditis,
particularly in people with weakened immune systems.
Other causes include certain chemicals or allergic reactions to medications or toxins like:
·
Alcohol
·
Drugs
·
Lead
·
Spider bites
·
Snakebites
·
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy
Symptoms
If anyone have a mild case
of myocarditis or are in the early stages, one might have no symptoms or mild ones, such as chest
pain or shortness of breath.
In serious cases the symptoms
include:
·
Chest
pain
·
Rapid
or abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias)
·
Shortness
of breath, at rest or during physical activity
·
Fluid
retention with swelling of legs, ankles and feet
·
Fatigue
·
Other
signs and symptoms of a viral infection, such as a headache, body aches, joint
pain, fever, a sore throat or diarrhea
Complications
Severe myocarditis can permanently
damage your heart muscle, possibly causing:
·
Heart failure. Untreated, myocarditis can damage heart's muscle so
that it can't pump blood effectively. In severe cases, myocarditis-related
heart failure may require a ventricular assist device or a heart transplant.
·
Heart attack or stroke. If heart's muscle is injured and can't pump blood,
the blood that pools in heart can form clots. If a clot blocks one of heart's
arteries, one can have a heart attack. If a blood clot in
heart travels to an artery leading to brain before becoming lodged, one can have a stroke.
·
Rapid or abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias). Damage to heart muscle can cause
arrhythmias.
·
Sudden
cardiac death. Certain serious arrhythmias can cause heart to stop beating
(sudden cardiac arrest). It's fatal if not treated immediately.
Treatment
If anyone have myocarditis, doctor will treat its cause, if
possible. They’ll also try to take the extra load off heart, if needed, and
take steps to prevent or control complications.
Usually, anyone will be prescribed medicines to help heart work better.
Examples include:
·
ACE inhibitors (Tablet
·
Beta blockers (Tablet Atenolol etc.)
· Diuretics (Tablet Lasix etc.)
Prevention
Many people who get myocarditis
are otherwise healthy.
Many things can lead to it.
The best ways to prevent it are
to treat infections quickly and take action to prevent them.
·
Avoid people who have a viral or flu-like
illness until they've recovered. If anyone sick with viral symptoms, try to avoid exposing
others.
·
Follow good hygiene. Regular
hand-washing can help prevent spreading illness.
·
Avoid risky behaviors. To
reduce chances of getting an HIV-related myocardial infection, practice safe
sex and don't use illegal drugs.
·
Minimize exposure to ticks. If
anyone spend time in tick-infested areas, wear
long-sleeved shirts and long pants to cover as much of skin as possible. Apply
tick or insect repellents that contain DEET.
·
Get your vaccines. Stay
up to date on the recommended vaccines, including those that protect against
rubella and influenza — diseases that can cause myocarditis.
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