What is a monoclonal antibody and how does it work? The body’s immune system generates antibodies — specific protein molecules — as a defense mechanism against unfamiliar molecules, called antigens. Molecules from pathogens like bacteria and viruses can act as antigens, prompting the production of antibodies that bind to antigens. This tells specialized cells of the immune system to kill the invading pathogen. Monoclonal antibodies work specifically against a particular portion on an antigen called the epitope, thereby exerting very targeted action. The Role of Antigens & Antibodies in Vaccinations Vaccines contain antigens which stimulate the B lymphocytes of the immune system to respond by producing plasma cells which secrete disease specific antibodies. Some of the B cells become memory B cells , which will recognize future exposure to the disease. This results in a faster and more intense production of antibodies, which effectively work to eliminate t...
